Internal Medicine (Approx. 25-30%)
Cardiology: Hypertension, IHD, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular disease
Respiratory: Asthma, COPD, pneumonia, TB, pleural effusion, pulmonary embolism
Gastroenterology: Peptic ulcer, GERD, hepatitis, cirrhosis, IBD, pancreatitis
Endocrinology: Diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, adrenal disorders
Nephrology: CKD, AKI, nephrotic syndrome, UTI, renal stones
Neurology: Stroke, epilepsy, meningitis, Parkinson, peripheral neuropathy
Haematology: Anaemias, leukaemia basics, lymphoma, coagulopathies
Infectious Diseases: Typhoid, malaria, dengue, HIV, TB management
General Surgery (Approx. 20-25%)
Upper GI Surgery: Peptic ulcer complications, oesophageal cancer, hernia
Lower GI Surgery: Appendicitis, colorectal cancer, IBD surgical aspects, bowel obstruction
Hepatobiliary Surgery: Cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, liver tumours, jaundice workup
Urology: Renal stones, BPH, urological cancers, UTI complications
Breast Surgery: Breast cancer staging, fibrocystic disease, abscess management
Trauma: ATLS principles, abdominal trauma, head injury assessment
Orthopaedics: Fracture basics, joint infections, bone tumours, common dislocations
Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Approx. 15-18%)
Obstetrics: Normal labour, partograph, obstetric emergencies (PPH, eclampsia, APH, shoulder dystocia), antenatal care, foetal monitoring
Gynaecology: Menstrual disorders, PCOS, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, cervical cancer screening, ovarian cysts
Contraception: Combined pill, progesterone-only, IUD, emergency contraception
Gynaecological Oncology: Cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer basics
Paediatrics (Approx. 12-15%)
Neonatology: Birth asphyxia, neonatal jaundice, sepsis, RDS
Infectious Diseases: Measles, chickenpox, typhoid, meningitis in children
Nutrition: PEM, kwashiorkor, marasmus, rickets, micronutrient deficiencies
Vaccines: EPI schedule, cold chain, VPD management
Development: Developmental milestones, autism spectrum, cerebral palsy
Respiratory: Pneumonia, asthma, croup, bronchiolitis in children
ENT (Approx. 5-8%)
Otitis media, tonsillitis, adenoids, epistaxis, nasal polyps, sinusitis, foreign bodies in ear/nose/throat, hoarseness of voice, hearing loss types, vertigo causes
Ophthalmology (Approx. 5-8%)
Red eye differential (conjunctivitis, iritis, acute glaucoma, corneal ulcer), cataract, glaucoma types, diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, retinal detachment, strabismus basics
Community and Forensic Medicine (Approx. 5-8%)
Epidemiology (incidence, prevalence, study designs), biostatistics (sensitivity, specificity, NNT), Pakistan health statistics, health administration, causes of death certification, time of death estimation